Tips for Choosing and Maintaining Marine Pumps - Hayes Blog

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Apr. 29, 2024

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Tips for Choosing and Maintaining Marine Pumps - Hayes Blog

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A ship’s pumping system includes piping that, if stretched out, would be many miles long, which includes both suction piping and discharge piping, as well as an assortment of marine pumps. Additionally, these systems often have backup marine pumps that interconnect with the piping, fittings, and valves. Ship pumping systems provide positive pressure – referred to as having “higher head” in pumping vernacular – that aids in the discharge of the fluid being pumped.

Marine pumps provide the energy to move this fluid at higher heads to overcome systemic pressure losses, usually resulting from friction within the piping. The assorted marine pumps on a ship perform a variety of vital functions that include lubricating equipment, heating, cooling, and cleaning, while others ensure the ship’s critical machinery is properly lubricated. Understanding how marine pumps fit into a ship’s pumping system is helpful knowledge for anyone tasked with sourcing a pump for a ship or other marine-related purposes.

Marine Pumps for Ships

Marine pumps are also commonly called navy pumps or ship pumps. For all ocean-going vessels, having the right marine pumps ensures their safe and efficient operation while minimizing hazards to the crew. They are used for essential applications on ships and sea-based oil and gas drilling platforms to manage water, waste, fuel, and ballast fluids. Marine pumps transfer these liquids between various tanks or compartments, a key factor in ensuring a ship remains stable and safe.

The type of sea-going vessels – whether for container ships, fishing vessels, navy ships, oil or gas tankers, passenger ships, research vessels, tugboats, or yachts – will determine the kind of needed marine pumps. Commonly used marine pumps on ships include vane pumps, screw pumps, reciprocating pumps, gear pumps, and centrifugal pumps. All these assorted marine pumps serve very distinct purposes on a vessel. For example, tugboats often use positive displacement marine pumps for firefighting, while they might utilize centrifugal marine pumps for ballast operations.

Types of Marine Pumps

Selecting marine pumps depends on the application and the fluid to be circulated throughout a ship’s pumping system. Compressibility, density, surface tension, viscosity, and other qualities of the liquid being pumped. Other factors like the temperature throughout the system, pressure of the fluid, head to which fluid needs to be pumped, and flowrate also need to be contemplated. Marine pumps used onboard large vessels fall into two broad categories and are classified as positive placement pumps or dynamic pressure pumps.

Positive Displacement Marine Pumps

Positive displacement pumps self-prime, so they’re typically used for priming applications. Consisting of at least one chamber, though often comprised of multiple chambers depending on how they’re built, they alternate between empty and full. Usually used for applications with smaller or mid level discharge rates, positive displacement pumps often feature in pumping highly viscous liquids. They’re frequently used to facilitate higher pressures within the pumping system.

Types of positive displacement pumps used for marine applications include:

Gear pumps: These marine pumps use gears that mesh with each other to transport fluid via displacement. Used commonly for hydraulic fluid, gear pumps can transfer highly viscous liquids.
Piston pumps: A type of reciprocating pump, these marine pumps are reliable, provide decent suction capacity, and can even produce higher discharge pressure. However, they’re larger and more complex than other types of marine pumps. Used on modern tankers for pumping liquid cargo, piston pumps are also used for fuel, oil, and to circulate other fluids.
Ram-type pumps: Like the gear pumps used commonly for hydraulic fluid, ram-type pumping systems use both electric motors as well as hydraulics to transport hydraulic fluid.
Plunger Pumps: A type of reciprocating pump used to filter seawater through reverse osmosis, it’s similar to piston-type marine pumps, though it utilizes electricity while most piston pumps are powered manually.
Screw pumps: Using at least one screw, though sometimes several screws, these marine pumps can move fluids and solids along the axis of the screw or screws, which moves material down the screw’s spindle. Marine pumps with single screws tend to be used to transport such materials as bilge, contaminated seawater, sewage, and sludge. Twin screw pumps are sometimes used to replace gear pumps for the transfer of marine fuels, while those with three screws primarily are used primarily as an oil pump to lubricate the main engine.
Vane pump: Featuring an internal cylinder rotating around the motor’s shaft, these marine pumps house a sequence of vanes housed within various slots on the cylinder. Used primarily for transferring fuel, these vanes slide into and out of these openings to force pressurized fluid through the pump. As a positive displacement pump, it maintains pressure in spite of fluctuations in flowrate.

Dynamic Pressure Marine Pumps

Also known as roto-dynamic pumps, these marine pumps use lateral forces in their pumping action, which accelerates fluids typically via a rotating impeller. Certain systems with a dynamic pressure pump also use a positive displacement pump for priming. Normally used for applications that can handle a high or moderate rate of discharge, these pumps have a differential range from middling to low and are used to transport less viscous fluids. This category of marine pumps differentiates themselves from one another mainly due to their construction and their unique properties.

Types of dynamic pressure pumps used for marine applications include:

Axial flow pumps: These marine pumps use a screw propeller to increase pressure, which causes liquid to accelerate axially within the pump’s blades. This rotational movement causes the fluid being pumped to move through the outlet guide vanes. They are used to circulate seawater, as well as for trimming and heeling applications.
Centrifugal pumps: Perhaps one of the most versatile types of marine pumps, centrifugal pumps are used as ballast pumps, boiler feed pumps, condensate pumps, firefighting pumps, and many other marine applications. Utilizing an impeller, centrifugal pumps move fluid by transferring rotational energy derived from the motion of the impellers, with the rotating movement providing centrifugal force to move the liquid through their vane tips.
Centrifugal-axial pumps: Also known as mixed flow pumps, these marine pumps are similar to axial flow pumps used in marine propulsion systems. Fluid moving through the impeller of such pumps is pushed by the impeller blades away from the pump’s shaft, suctioning it through at a greater than 90-degree angle.
Submersible pumps: Often used to transport sewage from the ship, these marine pumps feature large channels so they won’t clog. As they remain submerged, these pumps feature a motor within a waterproof housing that drives an impeller to spin, which creates a low-pressure zone that draws the fluid through rapidly. Submersible pumps are also used as fire, emergency, bilge, and other such applications.

Selecting the Best Marine Pumps

There are a number of factors that should be considered when shopping for marine pumps. As marine conditions are often harsh, mechanical failures occur more than in many less severe environments. This is why many ships often have redundancies built into their pumping systems. Redundant systems also allow backup marine pumps to operate as the crew performs maintenance and repairs. Additionally, purchasing more reliable marine pumps at higher prices usually tends to be more cost-effective, as it means less maintenance and resulting downtime.

Critical systems especially rely on reliable marine pumps. Bilge pumps, for instance, prevent flooding by removing water from the ship, and backup marine pumps help mitigate pump system failures. Marine pumps need to be operationally sound in emergencies like flooding or fire. Whether considering primary or backup marine pumps, it’s vital to consider a number of basic factors.

When selecting marine pumps, it’s important to consider:

Compatibility: How a pump is powered will determine whether it’s the right one for the job. For example, electric marine pumps require a dependable electricity supply, whereas hydraulic pumps work via hydraulic fluid under pressure. The right pump depends on the types of power sources available on the ship.
Flowrates: This refers to how much liquid passes through a ship’s pumping system over a specific time period. Flowrates of marine pumps are a good indicator of where they’re best used.
Pump types: Marine pumps differ according to the application for which they’re used, along with their capabilities and features. For instance, positive displacement pumps offer a constant flowrate, so tend to be used for fuel transfers. Applications with higher flowrates and middling pressures commonly use centrifugal pumps.
Upkeep: Marine pumps are often needed when ships are far away from port, so greater reliability should be a factor. Additionally, the easier marine pumps are to maintain, the better, especially for seagoing vessels.

Selecting the most appropriate pump for the job should consider all these factors.

Tips for Maintaining Marine Pumps

Proper installation and maintenance of marine pumps is essential. Ships need a reliable pumping system to perform optimally. Keeping them running is the crew's job, and the following basic tips will improve any marine pump’s longevity.

Three basic tips for maintaining marine pumps are:

Regular inspections and proper lubrication: Routinely inspecting marine pumps and ensuring they have the proper amount of lubrication on pump parts to reduce friction will help lengthen the pump’s lifespan. Inspections should look for signs of damage or premature wear, especially of critical components, to ensure no leaks develop.
Following maintenance schedules: Manufacturer recommendations for scheduled maintenance should be adhered to, with specified maintenance done at the required intervals. This prevents potential issues and prolongs the life of marine pumps.
Cleaning and filter maintenance: Keeping debris from getting into the pumping system requires regular cleaning to ensure a marine pump’s efficient operation. This should include filters, which should be monitored and cleaned regularly, along with replacement when recommended by manufacturer guidelines. Smooth pump operation relies on preventing clogs and maintaining optimal flowrates.

Following standard protocol for the maintenance of marine pumps will ensure they have long lifespans, which in turn will result in smoother operation of both the pumping system and the ship.

To learn more about marine pumps and their applications, contact the pump experts at Hayes Pump.

The Ultimate Guide to Chemical Pumps

Chemical pumps are used in various industrial applications, including pharmaceuticals, agriculture, manufacturing, and water treatment. They are designed to transfer liquids, chemicals, and other materials from one place to another. Chemical pumps are engineered to meet the specific demands of the chemical industry, where safety and accuracy are of utmost importance.

What is a Chemical Pump?

A chemical pump is a type of pump designed to handle and transfer chemicals, corrosive fluids, and other hazardous materials. These pumps are designed to withstand the harsh chemical environments of the chemical industry, where safety is the primary concern.

How Do Chemical Pumps Work?

Chemical pumps work by creating pressure to move the liquid or chemical from one place to another. The pressure can be created in several ways, depending on the type of chemical pump used. Most chemical pumps use impellers or rotors to create the pressure needed to move the chemical.

Types of Chemical Pumps

Chemical pumps can be categorized into different types based on their design, construction, and operating principles. Here are the most common types of chemical pumps:

Centrifugal Pumps

Centrifugal pumps are the most common type of chemical pumps used in various industries. They work by converting rotational energy from an impeller into kinetic energy, which in turn transfers fluid to the discharge outlet. Centrifugal pumps are reliable, efficient, and cost-effective, making them suitable for low-to-medium viscosity fluids with low solid content.

Diaphragm Pumps

Diaphragm pumps are positive displacement pumps that use a flexible diaphragm to transfer fluids. They work by moving the diaphragm back and forth, creating a vacuum that draws fluid into the pump chamber and then pushes it out. Diaphragm pumps are ideal for transferring fluids with high solids content or for applications that require gentle pumping action.

Peristaltic Pumps

Peristaltic pumps are positive displacement pumps that use a flexible tube and rollers to transfer fluids. They work by squeezing the tube, which creates a vacuum that draws fluid into the pump and then pushes it out. Peristaltic pumps are suitable for transferring viscous and abrasive fluids or for applications that require accurate dosing.

Piston Pumps

Piston pumps are positive displacement pumps that use a reciprocating piston to transfer fluids. They work by pulling fluid into the pump chamber and then pushing it out through a discharge valve. Piston pumps are suitable for high-pressure applications or for transferring fluids with high viscosity and solids content.

Magnetic Drive Pumps

Magnetic drive pumps, also known as mag-drive pumps, use a magnetic coupling to transfer fluids without any physical contact between the motor and the pump. They work by creating a magnetic field that drives the impeller, which in turn transfers fluid. Magnetic drive pumps are ideal for transferring hazardous and corrosive fluids or for applications that require zero leakage.

Gear Pumps

Gear pumps are positive displacement pumps that use two meshed gears to transfer fluids. They work by trapping fluid between the gear teeth and the pump casing, which then transfers it to the discharge outlet. Gear pumps are ideal for transferring low-to-medium viscosity fluids and for applications that require high flow rates.

Progressive Cavity Pumps

Progressive cavity pumps, also known as helical rotor pumps or eccentric screw pumps, use a helical rotor and a stator to transfer fluids. They work by trapping fluid between the rotor and the stator, which then transfers it to the discharge outlet. Progressive cavity pumps are ideal for transferring highly viscous and abrasive fluids or for applications that require gentle pumping action.

Air-Operated Double Diaphragm Pumps

Air-operated double diaphragm pumps, also known as AODD pumps, use compressed air to transfer fluids. They work by using two diaphragms to pump fluid in and out of the pump chamber. AODD pumps are ideal for transferring fluids with high solids content or for applications that require portable pumping solutions.

Rotary Lobe Pumps

Rotary lobe pumps use two rotating lobes to transfer fluids. They work by trapping fluid between the lobes and the pump casing, which then transfers it to the discharge outlet. Rotary lobe pumps are ideal for transferring low-to-high viscosity fluids and for applications that require low shear pumping action.

Vane Pumps

Vane pumps are positive displacement pumps that use vanes to transfer fluids. They work by trapping fluid between the vanes and the pump casing, which then transfers it to the discharge outlet. Vane pumps are ideal for transferring low-to-medium viscosity fluids and for applications that require high flow rates.

Drum Pumps

Drum pumps are designed to transfer fluids from barrels, drums, and containers. They can be of different types, such as centrifugal, diaphragm, or piston pumps, depending on the application requirements. Drum pumps are ideal for transferring fluids from containers that cannot be moved easily.

Submersible Pumps

Submersible pumps are designed to be immersed in fluids to transfer them. They can be of different types, such as centrifugal, diaphragm, or piston pumps, depending on the application requirements. Submersible pumps are ideal for transferring fluids from wells, sumps, and tanks.

Metering Pumps

Metering pumps are designed to deliver precise amounts of fluids. They can be of different types, such as diaphragm, piston, or peristaltic pumps, depending on the application requirements. Metering pumps are ideal for applications that require accurate dosing, such as in the water treatment and chemical processing industries.

Vacuum Pumps

Vacuum pumps are designed to create a vacuum or negative pressure in a system. They can be of different types, such as diaphragm, piston, or rotary vane pumps, depending on the application requirements. Vacuum pumps are ideal for applications that require the removal of air or other gases from a system.

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Choosing the right chemical pump depends on several factors, such as the fluid being transferred, the flow rate required, the pressure needed, and the application environment. Here are some tips to help you choose the right chemical pump:

Identify the fluid being transferred: Different fluids have different properties, such as viscosity, corrosiveness, and temperature, which can affect the pump selection. Make sure to choose a pump that is compatible with the fluid being transferred.
Determine the flow rate required: The flow rate is the amount of fluid that needs to be transferred per unit of time. Make sure to choose a pump that can handle the required flow rate.
Determine the pressure needed: The pressure is the force required to move the fluid through the system. Make sure to choose a pump that can provide the required pressure.
Consider the application environment: The application environment, such as the temperature, humidity, and presence of hazardous materials, can affect the pump selection. Make sure to choose a pump that can operate safely in the application environment.
Consider the pump material: The pump material should be compatible with the fluid being transferred and the application environment. For example, if the fluid is corrosive, the pump material should be corrosion-resistant.
Consider the pump type: Each pump type has its own advantages and disadvantages. Make sure to choose a pump type that is suitable for the application requirements.

Applications of Chemical Pumps

Chemical pumps are used in various industries to transfer fluids, such as corrosive chemicals, acids, and alkalis. Here are some common applications of chemical pumps:

Chemical processing: Chemical pumps are commonly used in the chemical processing industry to transfer chemicals and other fluids during the production process. Chemicals such as acids, alkalis, and solvents require special pumps to handle their corrosive properties.
Oil and gas: It is used in the oil and gas industry to transfer chemicals, such as drilling fluids, acids, and alkalis, during the drilling and production process.
Water treatment: It is used in water treatment plants to transfer chemicals, such as chlorine, sodium hydroxide, and hydrochloric acid, to treat and disinfect water.
Pharmaceuticals: chemical pumps transfer fluids such as solvents, oils, and chemicals during the production process in the pharmaceutical industry.
Agriculture: To transfer fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides to crops.
Mining: It is used in the mining industry to transfer chemicals, such as sulfuric acid, during the extraction process.
Food and beverage: Chemical pumps transfer fluids such as syrups, oils, and juices during the production process in the food and beverage industry.
Automotive: It is used in the automotive industry to transfer fluids, such as coolant, oil, and brake fluid, during the manufacturing and maintenance process.

Maintenance and Care for Chemical Pumps

Proper maintenance and care are essential for ensuring the longevity and efficiency of chemical pumps. Regular maintenance and inspection of the pump’s components, such as the impeller, shaft, and seals, can prevent pump failure and ensure optimal performance. It is also important to follow manufacturer guidelines for operating and cleaning the chemical pump.

Advantages of Using Chemical Pumps

Handling Corrosive and Hazardous Materials

Chemical pumps are designed to handle corrosive and hazardous materials, such as acids, solvents, and caustics, without damaging the pump or the surrounding environment. These materials can cause severe damage to regular pumps and can be dangerous to handle, making chemical pumps a crucial part of any chemical processing operation.

Lowering Operational Costs

Chemical pumps are built to withstand the harsh conditions of chemical processing, reducing the need for frequent repairs and replacements. This results in lower maintenance costs and higher uptime, leading to increased productivity and profitability.

Increasing Efficiency

It is designed to provide a consistent flow rate, which helps maintain a steady process flow and ensures the accuracy of chemical dosing. This results in a more efficient chemical process, reducing the risk of errors and waste.

Reducing Downtime

Chemical pumps are less prone to breakdowns and failures, reducing the risk of downtime and production losses. This is particularly important in the chemical industry, where downtime can lead to significant financial losses and safety risks.

Versatility

It comes in different types, sizes, and materials, making them suitable for various chemical processing applications. They can handle a wide range of fluids, from low viscosity liquids to highly viscous materials, making them a versatile solution for chemical processing operations.

Safety

It is designed to meet strict safety standards, ensuring that they can handle hazardous materials safely and efficiently. This reduces the risk of accidents and injuries, protecting the health and wellbeing of workers and the environment.

Disadvantages of Using Chemical Pumps

While chemical pumps offer many advantages, there are also some disadvantages that you should be aware of before using them in your chemical processing operations. In this article, we will discuss the disadvantages of using chemical pumps.

Initial Cost

One of the main disadvantages of using chemical pumps is their initial cost. Chemical pumps can be expensive to purchase, especially when compared to standard pumps. This can be a significant barrier for small and medium-sized businesses that may not have the resources to invest in expensive equipment.

Maintenance Costs

While chemical pumps are built to last and require less maintenance than standard pumps, they still require regular maintenance to operate efficiently. Maintenance costs can add up over time, especially if the pump needs frequent repairs or replacements.

Complex Design

Chemical pumps are designed to handle corrosive and hazardous materials, which requires a complex design. This complexity can make them difficult to install and operate, requiring specialized training and expertise.

Compatibility Issues

Chemical pumps are designed to handle specific types of chemicals, and it is crucial to ensure that the pump is compatible with the chemicals you are using. Using the wrong pump can result in damage to the pump, the environment, or even the workers.

Limited Flow Rates

Some types of chemical pumps have limited flow rates, which can be a disadvantage in certain chemical processing applications that require a high flow rate. This can result in longer processing times and reduced productivity.

Risk of Contamination

Chemical pumps can be prone to contamination, which can lead to safety hazards and product quality issues. It is essential to ensure that the pump is properly cleaned and maintained to prevent contamination.

Safety Precautions when Handling Chemical Pumps

When working with chemical pumps, it is essential to take proper safety precautions to prevent accidents and injuries. Some safety precautions include:

Training

Before using a chemical pump, it is essential to undergo proper training on how to operate it safely. This includes understanding the pump’s design, components, and limitations, as well as the chemicals it is designed to handle. Training should also cover emergency procedures in case of accidents.

Personal Protective Equipment

Workers should always wear personal protective equipment (PPE) when handling chemical pumps. This includes gloves, goggles, and protective clothing. PPE helps to minimize the risk of exposure to hazardous chemicals and protects workers from splashes and spills.

Proper Ventilation

Chemical pumps should be used in well-ventilated areas to prevent the buildup of hazardous fumes. Proper ventilation helps to ensure a safe working environment for workers and reduces the risk of fires and explosions.

Inspection and Maintenance

Chemical pumps should be inspected and maintained regularly to ensure that they are functioning properly. This includes checking for leaks, damage, and wear and tear. Any issues should be addressed immediately to prevent accidents and injuries.

Compatibility

It is crucial to ensure that the chemicals being pumped are compatible with the pump’s materials. Using the wrong pump can cause corrosion and damage, leading to hazardous situations. Always refer to the pump’s manual to ensure that it is compatible with the chemicals being used.

Emergency Procedures

In the event of an accident, it is crucial to have emergency procedures in place. This includes having a spill kit and proper disposal methods for hazardous materials. Workers should also be trained on what to do in case of an emergency and who to contact for assistance.

Conclusion

In conclusion, chemical pumps are vital equipment in various industrial applications, providing accurate and efficient transfer of liquids and chemicals. There are different types of chemical pumps available, each with its advantages and disadvantages. Proper maintenance, careful handling, and safety precautions are essential for ensuring the longevity and efficiency of chemical pumps.

FAQs

What is a chemical pump?

A chemical pump is a specialized type of pump designed to handle and transport hazardous chemicals safely. They are commonly used in industries such as oil and gas, pharmaceuticals, and water treatment.

How does a chemical pump work?

A chemical pump works by using a motor to create pressure that moves a liquid or gas through a system of pipes. The pump is designed to handle corrosive or hazardous materials safely, ensuring that the chemicals do not contaminate the environment or pose a risk to workers.

What types of chemicals can a chemical pump handle?

Chemical pumps are designed to handle a wide range of chemicals, including acids, solvents, and other corrosive materials. It is crucial to ensure that the pump is compatible with the chemicals being used to prevent damage to the pump or contamination.

How do I choose the right chemical pump for my application?

When choosing a chemical pump, you should consider factors such as the type of chemical being used, the flow rate required, and the pressure needed. It is also important to consider the pump’s materials, as some chemicals may require specific materials to prevent corrosion or damage.

How often should I maintain my chemical pump?

Chemical pumps should be maintained regularly to ensure that they are functioning correctly and safely. The frequency of maintenance will depend on the type of pump, the chemicals being used, and the operating conditions. It is recommended to follow the manufacturer’s guidelines for maintenance and inspection.

What safety precautions should I take when using a chemical pump?

When using a chemical pump, it is crucial to wear personal protective equipment (PPE), work in well-ventilated areas, and ensure that the chemicals being used are compatible with the pump’s materials. Workers should also be trained on emergency procedures in case of an accident.

What should I do if my chemical pump fails or malfunctions?

If your chemical pump fails or malfunctions, you should stop using it immediately and contact a qualified technician for repairs or replacements. Continuing to use a faulty pump can result in accidents or injuries.

Can a chemical pump be repaired or serviced on-site?

In some cases, a chemical pump can be repaired or serviced on-site. However, this will depend on the extent of the damage and the type of pump. It is recommended to consult with a qualified technician to determine the best course of action.

What is the lifespan of a chemical pump?

The lifespan of a chemical pump will depend on factors such as the type of pump, the chemicals being used, and the operating conditions. With proper maintenance and care, a chemical pump can last for many years.

Can a chemical pump be used for food or beverage processing?

Chemical pumps are not typically used for food or beverage processing, as they are designed to handle hazardous chemicals. Instead, specialized pumps are used in the food and beverage industry, which are made of materials that are safe for consumption.

How do I dispose of a chemical pump safely?

When disposing of a chemical pump, it is important to follow local regulations and guidelines for hazardous waste disposal. This may involve recycling or disposing of the pump in a designated hazardous waste facility.

What is the cost of a chemical pump?

The cost of a chemical pump will vary depending on factors such as the type of pump, the materials used, and the manufacturer. It is recommended to compare prices and features from different suppliers to find the best option for your application.

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