5 Things to Know Before Buying Commercial Sewage Lift Station Pumps

Ask anyone; who wants to think about sewage in their home?

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Centuries ago people had chamber pots that were flung onto the street and even onto passers-by. Gross! Today, we have the privilege of using sewage pumps to do the dirty work of handling waste solids instead of us.

In this article, we explain the differences between sewage, grinder, and sump pumps, and give you important tips and information on choosing the right ejector pump.

Sewage Ejector Pump Applications

Sewage pumps may not get the credit they deserve for carrying away all the dirty, bubbling, toxic sludge and pumping it out to a septic tank or city sanitary system without us ever seeing, smelling, or handling it. Regardless of that modern miracle, there are two primary applications where sewage ejector pumps are best used: basement bathrooms and septic systems.

Basement Bathrooms

The most common application for sewage pumps is the installation of a bathroom in the basement. Because the basement is below-grade and usually situated below the sewage line entrance (usually about 4 feet below the house), a sewage pump is needed to pump waste and water up and out of the house. 

Once you have a sewage pit dug out in your basement, installing a sewage pump is very similar to installing a traditional sump pump. The main difference is that you will need a vent pipe running out of your home to remove the gas and odor that occurs as a byproduct of waste. Sewage pumps can have 2-3 times the output of a regular sump pump, but they aren't intended for the same purpose (more on that below).

They are designed to run less often but have more torque and power to eject water with solids or debris, as opposed to pumping clear water.

Septic Systems

For homeowners without access to public sewers, a septic field is the other option. In this case, a sewage pump is used to help break down and pump the waste out of the house and into the septic tank, where it is later emptied by a septic service. 

Getting a sewage pump made with heavy-duty materials like cast-iron should ensure a long and reliable life for your sewage pump. If you've ever installed one, you know it can be a dirty, smelly job, so the less often you need to do it, the better. Sewage pumps are great for this application because they have a larger intake to pass solids.

Sewage Ejector Pumps vs Sump Pumps

What separates sewage pumps from ordinary sump pumps is their ability to handle waste solids and not just greywater. Although they're not designed to pump large volumes at a time, sewage pumps are built with heavy-duty, cast-iron materials and components to withstand the worst elements over time.

You can use a sewage pump in a sump pump application if your sump pit often fills with small debris and your system can manage significant horsepower (HP) and gallons-per-hour (GPH) loss. However, you can't use a sump pump for a sewage application because sump pumps can't pump waste solids or debris that moves through sewage pits. 

Sewage Pumps vs Grinder Pumps

Grinder pumps operate similarly to sewage pumps with the added benefit of having metal blades that shred everything being sucked through the pump. Sewage pumps are perfect for most residential homes, so think of grinder pumps as the equivalent for commercial applications.

Grinder pumps are extremely popular (and sometimes necessary) in commercial buildings like bars, restaurants, hotels, and other municipal buildings that have public access to sinks, drains, or toilets. Bartenders and dishwashers are often pressed for time when cleaning dishware and drinkware, so any food or stray garnishes that accidentally flush down sink drains won't be a problem for a properly installed grinder pump.

Similarly, hotel property managers and landlords prefer grinder pumps simply because people tend not to care what they flush down toilets, and grinder pumps give you added security that nothing will clog your drains and cost you expensive repairs and inconveniences. 

Choosing the right sewage pump is crucial for maintaining a healthy and efficient wastewater management system in your home or property. Whether you’re a homeowner looking to install or replace a sewage pump, a property manager responsible for building maintenance, a DIY enthusiast upgrading your plumbing, or a plumbing professional guiding clients, this comprehensive buyer’s guide will help you make an informed decision.

Introduction

Overview of Sewage Pumps

Sewage pumps play a vital role in managing wastewater, ensuring that sewage is efficiently moved from your property to the municipal sewer system or septic tank. They prevent backups and flooding, safeguarding your home or commercial property from potential water damage and health hazards.

Purpose of the Guide

This guide aims to provide a thorough understanding of different types of sewage pumps, their features, and the key factors to consider when selecting the right pump for your needs. By the end of this guide, you’ll be equipped with the knowledge to choose the best sewage pump for your specific situation.

Types of Sewage Pumps

Submersible Sewage Pumps

Submersible sewage pumps operate underwater, making them ideal for residential and light commercial use. They are known for their quiet operation and efficient performance, making them a popular choice for basements and sump pits.

Pedestal Sewage Pumps

Pedestal sewage pumps have their motor located above the basin, which allows for easier maintenance and a longer lifespan. However, they are typically noisier than submersible pumps, making them better suited for environments where noise is less of a concern.

Grinder Pumps

Grinder pumps are designed to grind solid waste into a slurry before pumping it, making them suitable for high-pressure systems or properties with long discharge distances. They are essential for properties that require robust waste disposal solutions.

Effluent Pumps

Effluent pumps handle greywater and smaller solids, often used in septic systems to move water from the tank to the drain field. They are ideal for properties that require efficient greywater management without the need for heavy-duty pumping.

Key Factors to Consider Before Purchasing

1. Pump Capacity and Flow Rate

Determine the volume of wastewater your pump needs to handle by considering the number of plumbing fixtures and the number of residents or users in the property. A pump with the appropriate flow rate ensures efficient wastewater management without frequent cycling.

2. Lift and Head Requirements

Calculate the vertical lift (height) and horizontal distance the pump needs to move wastewater. Ensure the pump can handle the total dynamic head (TDH) of your system to prevent inefficiency and potential pump failure.

3. Solid Handling Capability

Choose a pump with an appropriate solid handling capability based on the size and type of waste expected. Most sewage pumps can handle solids between 1-2 inches in diameter, but it’s essential to match this capability with your specific needs.

4. Construction and Durability

Consider pumps made from durable materials like cast iron or stainless steel for long-term use, especially in harsh or high-use environments. Durable construction ensures the pump can withstand continuous operation and resist corrosion.

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5. Power Source and Electrical Requirements

Ensure the pump’s voltage matches your property’s electrical system. Additionally, check if a backup power source is necessary in case of outages to maintain continuous operation during emergencies.

6. Automatic vs. Manual Operation

Decide whether you prefer an automatic pump with a built-in float switch that activates the pump based on water level or a manual pump that requires a separate control system. Automatic pumps offer convenience and reliability, while manual pumps may be suitable for simpler setups.

7. Noise Levels

Consider noise levels, especially for residential installations. Submersible pumps are generally quieter than pedestal models, making them more suitable for areas where noise reduction is important.

8. Installation Space and Environment

Assess the available space for installation and ensure the pump is suitable for the environment, whether it’s a wet pit or a dry area. Proper installation space ensures optimal performance and ease of maintenance.

Cost Considerations

Initial Purchase Cost

Understand the typical price ranges for various types of sewage pumps:

• Submersible Sewage Pumps: $300-$600
• Pedestal Sewage Pumps: $150-$400
• Grinder Pumps: $500-$2,000
• Effluent Pumps: $200-$500

Installation Costs

Professional installation typically ranges from $500-$1,500, depending on the complexity of the installation and local labor rates. Accurate installation ensures the pump operates efficiently and reliably.

Maintenance and Operating Costs

Estimate ongoing maintenance costs, energy consumption, and replacement parts over the pump’s lifespan. Proper maintenance can extend the pump’s life and reduce long-term costs.

Features to Look For in a Quality Sewage Pump

Cast Iron or Stainless Steel Construction

These materials provide durability and resistance to corrosion, making them ideal for high-use or harsh environments. A robust construction ensures the pump can handle tough wastewater conditions.

Thermal Overload Protection

This feature automatically shuts off the pump if it overheats, preventing damage to the motor. Thermal overload protection enhances the pump’s safety and longevity.

Sealed Ball Bearings and Shaft

Sealed ball bearings reduce wear and tear, ensuring longer life and quieter operation. A well-sealed shaft prevents leaks and maintains pump efficiency.

Float Switch Options

Choose between tethered or vertical float switches based on basin size and pump placement. Float switches provide reliable automatic operation, ensuring the pump activates only when necessary.

Alarm Systems and Backup Power

Consider models with built-in alarms and battery backup systems for added safety and reliability. These features alert you to potential issues and maintain pump operation during power outages.

Top Brands and Model Recommendations

Best for Residential Use

Choose reliable, budget-friendly models suited for typical household applications. Brands like Zoeller, Liberty Pumps, and Wayne offer excellent options for residential sewage pumps.

Best for Commercial Use

Opt for high-capacity, heavy-duty models designed for larger properties or buildings with complex plumbing needs. Brands such as Goulds, Franklin Electric, and Ebara provide robust solutions for commercial applications.

Best Grinder Pumps

Select top-rated models for properties with high-pressure systems or challenging waste disposal needs. Reliable options include Liberty Grinder, Zoeller Grinder, and Liberty’s MX Series.

DIY Installation vs. Professional Installation

When to Consider DIY Installation

If you have experience with plumbing and electrical work, installing a straightforward submersible or pedestal pump may be feasible. DIY installation can save on labor costs and provide a sense of accomplishment.

When to Hire a Professional

For complex installations involving high-capacity systems, long discharge lines, or specific code requirements, hiring a professional is recommended. Professional installation ensures compliance with local regulations and optimal pump performance.

Common Mistakes to Avoid When Choosing a Sewage Pump

Underestimating Pump Capacity

Choosing a pump with insufficient capacity can lead to frequent cycling and premature failure. Always assess your wastewater needs accurately to select the right capacity.

Ignoring Head and Lift Requirements

Failing to account for total dynamic head can result in a pump that is unable to move wastewater effectively. Proper calculations ensure the pump meets your system’s requirements.

Selecting the Wrong Type of Pump

Using an effluent pump instead of a sewage pump can lead to blockages and system failures. Ensure you choose the correct pump type based on your specific wastewater needs.

Maintenance Tips to Maximize Pump Lifespan

Regular Inspections and Cleaning

Check for signs of wear, debris buildup, and proper float switch operation. Regular maintenance keeps the pump running smoothly and prevents unexpected failures.

Test Backup Systems

Ensure battery backups and alarms are functional and maintain them according to the manufacturer’s guidelines. Reliable backup systems provide peace of mind during power outages.

Schedule Professional Maintenance

Annual inspections by a licensed plumber can catch issues early and ensure optimal performance. Professional maintenance extends the pump’s lifespan and maintains its efficiency.

Conclusion

Choosing the right sewage pump involves considering various factors such as pump type, capacity, durability, and installation requirements. By understanding these key elements, you can select a pump that effectively meets your property’s wastewater management needs. If you’re unsure about the best choice for your situation or need help with installation, consulting a professional is highly recommended.

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