Heat Pumps: Everything You Need to Know - EnergySage
Heat Pumps: Everything You Need to Know - EnergySage
In cooling mode, a heat pump absorbs heat from your warm, stuffy house and dumps it outside using all the same components and tricks of physics as a traditional AC system. It also reduces indoor humidity.
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In heating mode, it runs in reverse, soaking up heat outside your home (yes, even when it's really cold outside), and moving it indoors.
If you switch from an electric, fuel oil, or propane heating source. A heat pump study by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) found that homeowners saw a median annual savings of $300-$650.
If you live in a warm climate. Heat pumps are very efficient in warm climates. You can invest in a more affordable model because you don’t need to splurge on the high-performance heat pumps that heat homes in colder climates.
If you want built-in cooling but don’t have ductwork. Installing a ductless mini-split is cheaper and less invasive than retrofitting all new ductwork and adding a central air conditioner.
Schedule an appointment through the installer’s website or over the . If it’s an emergency heater replacement (say your system dies during a cold snap), you can usually find a contractor who will arrive on the same day.
A property walkthrough with a contractor (this may or may not be the first site visit) so they can see your existing heating system and ducts (if applicable). They’ll take measurements and scope out where to place the new equipment. They’ll also check your electrical panel to make sure it can support a heat pump—if not, you may need an electrical upgrade first.
Get a quote. Some installers will give you a quote on the spot, while others will follow up with a quote later.
Air Source Heat Pump Buying Guide - Save on Energy
How do air source heat pumps work?
Air source heat pumps are the most common heat pump choice for residential heating and cooling. Here’s how they work.
A typical air source heat pump is made up of an outdoor unit connected to an indoor unit by a refrigerant line. In the winter, the outdoor unit draws in air, absorbs its heat and transfers it to a refrigerant fluid. A combination of temperature and pressure transforms this fluid into a gas. The gas then passes through a compressor to increase its temperature further, and the resulting heat is transferred into your home, either directly from the unit or through ductwork.
This process reverses in the summer. The heat pump absorbs heat from inside your home and transfers it to the outdoors, becoming a high-efficiency air conditioner and dehumidifier.
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What’s involved in making the switch?
Installing a heat pump is more complex than simply replacing your existing furnace, boiler, baseboards, or other HVAC system. It may involve modifying ductwork and wiring, as well as finding space for an outdoor condensing unit.
If you live in an older home, you should install other energy-efficiency measures first to reduce your heating load. This could include new insulation, air sealing and more. By limiting heat loss from air leaks or thin insulation, you’ll get the most out of your heat pump and may even be able to opt for a smaller, more affordable unit.
Ducted or ductless?
A ducted heat pump works in a similar way to a central furnace. It’s connected to interior ductwork and controlled by a central thermostat. Warm or cool air travels through the ducts and into your home.
A ductless heat pump emits warm or cool air directly from an indoor unit mounted to the wall or floor. Depending on the size and layout of your home, you may need more than one indoor unit.
You might want to opt for a ductless heat pump if you:
- Live in a home with no existing ductwork.
- Want to have flexibility in heating and cooling in multiple areas of your home.
- Need supplemental heating and cooling in a particular area, such as a home addition.
Standalone or hybrid?
As the outside air temperature drops, the heat pump has to work harder, gradually reducing its efficiency and heating capacity. Some homeowners opt for hybrid systems, with a conventional furnace or boiler acting as a backup to a primary air source heat pump. Some choose to install cold climate air source heat pumps, which are specially designed to work in low outdoor temperatures.
The choice of whether to select a standalone or hybrid HVAC system will be dependent on several factors, such as climate, energy costs, heat loss and home type. A licensed HVAC contractor can help assess your home and identify the most energy-efficient and cost-effective solution for you.
Single stage, two stage or variable stage?
A single-stage heat pump is the most basic system available. It uses a simple on/off cycle that is triggered when the temperature dips below a set point. It tends to be the most costly type of heat pump to run, as the only setting is full speed.
A two-stage heat pump has two settings—high and low—allowing for slightly more precise temperature control.
A variable-stage heat pump is the most advanced system available. It is able to monitor and adjust to a full range of speeds to maintain the desired indoor temperature. Since it only uses as much power as it needs, it is the most energy-efficient option.
How to find the right contractor
Replacing your home's HVAC system is a big undertaking. If you’ve decided a heat pump is the right choice for you, the next step is finding a qualified, licensed contractor. They can help you make the best purchasing decision for your home to meet your needs. In Ontario, HVAC contractors must be registered with the Technical Standards and Safety Authority.
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