What is Carbon Steel Pipe? - Permanent Steel Manufacturing Co.,Ltd

What is carbon steel pipe?

Carbon steel pipe & tube is also called CS pipe. Carbon steel pipes are made of steel ingots or solid round steels through perforation into capillary tubes, which are then hot-rolled, cold-rolled or cold-drawn. Due to its strength and ability to withstand pressure, carbon steel pipes are used in a variety of heavy industries such as infrastructure, ships, stills, and fertilizer equipment. Carbon steel pipe plays an important role in my country's steel pipe industry.

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Types of carbon steel pipes:

Carbon steel pipes are divided into two categories: hot-rolled and cold-rolled (drawn) steel pipes.
Hot-rolled carbon steel pipes are divided into general steel pipes, low and medium pressure boiler steel pipes, high pressure boiler steel pipes, alloy steel pipes, stainless steel pipes, petroleum cracking pipes, geological steel pipes and other steel pipes.

In addition to general steel pipes, low and medium pressure boiler steel pipes, high pressure boiler steel pipes, alloy steel pipes, stainless steel pipes, petroleum cracking pipes, and other steel pipes, cold-rolled (drawn) carbon steel pipes also include carbon thin-walled steel pipes, alloy thin-walled steel pipes, non- Rust thin-walled steel pipe, special-shaped steel pipe. The outer diameter of hot-rolled seamless pipes is generally greater than 32mm, and the wall thickness is 2.5-75mm. The outer diameter of cold-rolled seamless pipes can reach 6mm and the wall thickness can reach 0.25mm. The outer diameter of thin-walled pipes can reach 5mm and the wall thickness is less than 0.25mm. Cold rolling has higher dimensional accuracy than hot rolling.

General carbon steel pipe: It is made of high-quality carbon-structured steel such as 10, 20, 30, 35, and 45, low-alloy structural steel such as 16Mn and 5MnV, or alloy steel such as 40Cr, 30CrMnSi, 45Mn2, and 40MnB, which is hot-rolled or cold-rolled. Seamless pipes made of low carbon steel such as 10 and 20 are mainly used for fluid transportation pipelines. 45, 40Cr and other medium carbon steel seamless pipes are used to manufacture mechanical parts, such as the stressed parts of automobiles and tractors. Generally, carbon steel pipes are used to ensure the strength and flattening test. Hot-rolled steel pipes are delivered in hot-rolled or heat-treated state; cold-rolled steel pipes are delivered in heat-treated state.

Carbon steel can be further divided into low carbon steel, medium carbon steel and high carbon steel, mainly depending on the carbon content in the steel.

Mild steel (also known as light steel): The carbon content is usually between 0.04% and 0.30%. Low carbon steel has good ductility and toughness, can be processed hot and cold, and is easy to weld. Commonly used low carbon steels include Q195, Q215, Q235, etc.
Medium carbon steel: The carbon content is usually between 0.30% and 0.60%. Medium carbon steel has high strength and hardness, but low ductility and toughness. Commonly used medium carbon steels include 45# steel, 40Cr and so on.
High Carbon Steel: The carbon content is usually between 0.60% and 2.00%. High carbon steel has high strength and hardness, but low ductility and toughness, and poor weldability. Commonly used high carbon steels include 65Mn, T8, T10, etc.

Carbon steel pipes can be divided into seamless steel pipes and welded steel pipes according to the production method. Seamless steel pipes are made by hot rolling or cold drawing, and have high strength and tightness. Welded steel pipe is made by rolling steel plate or steel strip into a cylindrical shape, and then connecting the weld seams by resistance welding, submerged arc welding and other methods.

CS Pipe Specs and Standards

ASTM/ASME

Product name
Executive standard
Dimensions (mm)
Steel code/Steel grade
Black and hot-dip galvanized seamless steel pipe ASTM A53 0.3~ x 1.0~150
GR.A 、GR.B 、GR.C
High temperature seamless carbon steel
ASTM A106
10.3~ x 1.0~150
GR.B、GR.C
Seamless cold drawn mild steel heat exchanger and condenser tubes
ASTM A179
10.3~426 x 1.0~36
Low-carbon steel
Seamless carbon steel boiler tubes for high pressure
ASTM A192
10.3~426 x 1.0~36
Low-carbon steel
Seamless cold drawn intermediate alloy steel heat exchanger and condenser tubes
ASTM A199
10.3~426 x 1.0~36
T5、T22
Seamless medium carbon steel boiler and superheater tubes
ASTM A210
10.3~426 x 1.0~36
A1、C
Seamless ferritic and austenitic alloy steel boiler, superheater and heat exchanger tubes
ASTM A213
10.3~426 x 1.0~36
T5、T9、T11、T12、T22、T91
Seamless carbon and alloy steels for mechanical tubing
ASTM A333
1/4″~42″ x SCH20~XXS
Gr1、Gr3、Gr6
Seamless and welded carbon and alloy steel pipes for cryogenic use
ASTM A334
1/4″~4″ x SCH20~SCH80
Gr1、Gr6
Seamless cold drawn carbon steel feed water heater tube
ASTM A556
10.3~426 x 1.0~36
A2、B2

Advantages of carbon steel:

Carbon steel has high strength, ductility and toughness at low cost and is used in heavy machinery to make heavy duty parts. The total amount of gold is generally less than 5%, which has greater impact toughness, and can obtain better mechanical properties through heat treatment. Casting low-alloy steel has better performance than carbon steel, which can reduce the quality of parts and improve service life.

Carbon steel piping provides safety and durability. It is an ideal material for structural applications due to its impact resistance and its imperceptibility to harsh environmental conditions such as stress or extreme weather.
 
The incredible strength of carbon steel means that carbon steel pipes can be made thinner and use less material while still being able to transport large volumes. This makes carbon steel piping a cost-effective material. Not only can the use be reduced, but the carbon steel can also be recycled, which is environmentally friendly and economical.
 
Carbon steel pipe is a versatile material due to its ease of fabrication. We can produce products in various thicknesses and sizes. It's also easy to cut and bend to fit wherever needed. It also connects easily to fittings, valves and other plumbing fittings.

Application fields of carbon steel pipe:

Carbon steel pipe has good corrosion resistance, pressure bearing capacity and machinability, and is widely used in many fields.

1. Oil and natural gas industry: Carbon steel pipe is an important pipeline material for transporting oil and natural gas, with high strength, reliability and corrosion resistance.
2. Construction and structural engineering: Carbon steel pipes are used in construction and structural engineering, such as bridges, high-rise buildings, roads and tunnels, etc., to support and transmit loads.
3. Automobile manufacturing industry: Carbon steel pipes are used in exhaust pipes, frame and chassis and other components in the automobile manufacturing industry, and have good wear resistance and strength.
4. Mechanical engineering: Carbon steel pipes are used in conveying systems, pressure vessels, hydraulic systems and other components in mechanical engineering, and have pressure bearing capacity and reliability.
5. Chemical industry: Carbon steel pipes are used in the chemical industry for conveying systems, reactors, storage tanks and other components, with corrosion resistance and high temperature resistance.

Carbon Steel vs Black Steel:

Carbon steel is easily corroded. Blackening is a process that produces a tough oxide coating with some corrosion resistance. 
Black steel is made of ungalvanized steel. It gets its name from the scaly dark iron oxide coating on its surface. It is used in applications that do not require galvanized steel.
There are different classes of carbon steel. They are classified by the percentage of carbon mixed with the basic element iron.

Carbon steel grade carbon content %

Ultra-high carbon steel 1.00 – 2.00
High-carbon steel 0.60 – 0.99
Carbon steel 0.30 – 0.59
Low-carbon steel 0.16 – 0.29
Ultra low carbon steel 0.05 – 0.15

Black steel pipe is manufactured to be seamless, which makes it a better type of gas transport. It can be used in fire sprinkler systems as it is more resistant to fire than galvanized pipe. It is called black steel pipe due to its dark surface formed from iron oxide during the manufacturing process.

The strength of black steel pipe makes it ideal for conveying water and natural gas in rural and urban areas, as well as protecting electrical wiring and conduits carrying high-pressure steam and air. The oil and oil industry uses black steel pipes to transport large quantities of oil to remote areas. This is beneficial because the black steel pipe requires little maintenance. Other uses for black steel pipes include gas distribution inside and outside the home, wells and sewage systems. Black steel pipes are never used to transport drinking water.

Carbon steel pipes present an excellent choice for numerous residential and industrial endeavors due to their robustness, enduring nature, and remarkable adaptability. However, an in-depth understanding of carbon steel pipes and their applications is necessary. Within this article, we will dissect the various applications of carbon steel pipes, empowering you to assess their appropriateness for your specific project.

What is Carbon Steel Pipe?

A carbon steel pipe constitutes a form of metallic conduit crafted from an amalgam of iron and carbon. It embodies formidable attributes, displaying durability alongside resistance to both corrosion and oxidation. In comparison to alternative piping materials like copper or aluminum, carbon steel pipes exhibit elevated levels of tensile strength. This characteristic renders them exceptionally well-suited for endeavors necessitating robustness as a paramount factor.

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Read More: What is Carbon Steel? Uses of Carbon Steel

Carbon Steel Pipes Properties

Corrosion Rate

The pace of corrosion observed in carbon steel pipes is contingent upon various variables. These encompass the installation surroundings (indoor or outdoor), the composition of the water supply or contaminants, and the adequacy of ventilation to maintain minimal oxygen levels. In a broad context, when all other conditions remain constant, indoor installations tend to exhibit lower corrosion rates in comparison to outdoor settings.

Density

The density of carbon steel pipes fluctuates based on their grade and constitution. Elevated grades typically display greater densities due to the inclusion of additional alloying components like manganese and chromium. On average, the density of carbon steel pipes spans from 7.85 g/cm³ to 8.05 g/cm³.

Standard Length

Generally, carbon steel pipes are available in standard lengths of 6 meters (19 feet) for seamless pipes and 12 meters (39 feet) for welded pipes. Nonetheless, certain suppliers might provide tailored lengths to align with specific customer needs.

Wall Thickness

Carbon steel pipes exhibit wall thicknesses ranging between 0.13 inches and 4 inches, contingent upon the grade and stipulations of their intended use. For instance, robust structures such as bridges typically demand thicker walls to withstand higher levels of pressure. Conversely, slender walls find favor in residential applications, as they can be effortlessly shaped according to need without incurring substantial effort or cost.

Carbon Steel Pipes Uses

Carbon steel pipes find versatile application across a multitude of domains. Among the prevalent utilizations are water supply lines, heating setups, fuel conduits, oil pipelines, natural gas networks, and beyond. Their significance extends to construction undertakings, contributing to ducts, drainage frameworks, foundational support columns, and assorted structural constituents. Furthermore, they play a pivotal role in manufacturing operations where the imperative lies in temperature regulation or confining pressure.

Carbon steel pipes see frequent application in the conveyance of oil and natural gas. Beyond this, they serve as scaffolding pipes in the construction sector. In addition, these pipes play a role in furniture manufacturing, find limited usage in the food industry, and serve diverse functions in the medical sector.

Their utility spans a range of areas, including:

• Establishing building foundations.
• Conveying natural gases or oil.
• Facilitating boiler and condenser tubes.
• Transporting wastewater.
• Enabling chemical processing.
• Catering to high-pressure requirements.
• Conveying sewage.
• Supporting bollard construction.

Read More: What is Galvanized Steel? The Galvanized Steel Manufacturing Process

Types of Carbon Steel Pipes Grades

A106 Grade B

A106 Grade B represents a variant of carbon steel pipe frequently employed in power plants, oil and gas refineries, petrochemical plants, and boiler installations. The key distinction between A106 Grade B and other carbon steel pipe grades lies in the manganese content within the steel composition. Manganese, a chemical element, plays a pivotal role in enhancing the robustness and durability of the steel.

A333 Grade 6

A333 Grade 6 denotes a variation of carbon steel pipe extensively employed in scenarios involving low temperatures, notably in the conveyance of oil and gas. The primary divergence distinguishing A333 Grade 6 from alternative carbon steel pipe grades pertains to the chromium content within the steel composition. Chromium, a chemical element, contributes significantly to enhancing the steel's ability to resist corrosion.

API 5L X42

API 5L X42 represents a variant of carbon steel pipe frequently deployed in the transmission of oil and gas. The pivotal distinction setting apart API 5L X42 from alternative carbon steel pipe grades resides in the carbon content within the steel composition. Carbon, a key element, plays a vital role in enhancing the steel's strength and hardness.

ASTM A53

ASTM A53 designates a variation of carbon steel pipe frequently employed in structural contexts like bridges and buildings. The fundamental contrast distinguishing ASTM A53 from alternative carbon steel pipe grades is the manganese content embedded within the steel composition. Manganese contributes significantly to enhancing the weldability of the steel.

ASTM A106

ASTM A106 designates a variant of carbon steel pipe extensively utilized in high-temperature scenarios like power plants and oil and gas refineries. The principal differentiation setting ASTM A106 apart from alternative carbon steel pipe grades lies in the silicon content infused within the steel composition. Silicon substantially contributes to enhancing the steel's strength and hardness.

ASTM A335

ASTM A335 denotes a category of carbon steel pipe widely applied in elevated-temperature settings, including power plants, oil refineries, and petrochemical installations. The primary contrast distinguishing ASTM A335 from alternative carbon steel pipe grades lies in the molybdenum content integrated into the steel composition. Molybdenum significantly contributes to enhancing the steel's ability to resist corrosion.

Benefits of Using Carbon Steel Pipes

Carbon steel pipes present a host of advantages compared to alternative metal piping materials. They stand as both dependable and economical, rendering them appealing for a variety of endeavors. Furthermore, their durability mitigates the necessity for extensive upkeep, as they withstand wear and tear over time. Notably, they obviate the requirement for specialized coatings or sealants to safeguard against external elements such as rain or snow, thus streamlining both installation and maintenance efforts while reducing costs. Lastly, their notable recyclability means they can find utility in subsequent projects, contributing to sustainable practices.