Why Your Bottled Water Contains Four Different Ingredients
Next time you reach for a bottle of water on store shelves, take a look at the ingredient list. You're likely to find that it includes more than just water.
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Popular bottled water brand Dasani, for example, lists magnesium sulfate, potassium chloride, and salt alongside purified water on its Nutrition Facts label. SmartWater contains calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, and potassium bicarbonate. Nestle Pure Life's list includes calcium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, and magnesium sulfate. And these are just a few brands. Bottled water companies are purifying water, but then they're adding extra ingredients back.
None of this should be cause for health concerns, says Marion Nestle, professor of Nutrition, Food Studies, and Public Health and professor of Sociology at New York University. The additives being put into water are those naturally found in water and the quantities of these additives are likely too small to be of much significance. 'If you had pure water by itself, it doesn't have any taste,' says Bob Mahler, Soil Science and Water Quality professor at the University of Idaho. 'So companies that sell bottled water will put in calcium, magnesium or maybe a little bit of salt.'
Taste tests have revealed that many people find distilled water to taste flat as opposed to spring waters, which can taste a bit sweet. Minerals offer a 'slightly salty or bitter flavors,' which is likely why low mineral soft waters have a more appealing taste, Nestle wrote in her book What To Eat.
Many of the ingredients that are added to bottled water occur naturally in tap water and in our daily diets. Potassium chloride, for example, is a chemical compound that is often used as a supplement for potassium, which benefits heart health and aids normal muscular and digestive functions. Magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate, and calcium chloride are all inorganic salts.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommends that Americans reduce current levels of sodium intake by 2,300 mg per day, so you would have to drink a lot of water to make much of a difference, Nestle says. The typical amount of sodium in water averages at around 17 mg per liter.
But just because additives are generally naturally occurring ingredients doesn't mean that consumers shouldn't look at labels. If labels show calories, that means sugars have been added. Some bottled waters can be high in sodium, and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommends only drinking water that contains 20 mg of sodium per liter or less.
The best choice that many water consumers can make may be to just stick to drinking tap water. 'To the extent that tap water is clean and free of harmful contaminants,' says Nestle, 'it beats everything in taste and cost.'
Does Bottled Water Contain Minerals?
Before we get into the mineral content of bottled water, let's start with the basics. Bottled water seems like a no-brainer, right? Wrong. Check out the EPA's water health series on bottled water basics. It's not as simple as you think.
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What is bottled water?
Bottled water can be distinguished by how it has been treated or by the water's source. Treatment methods include distillation, micron filtration, ozonation, reverse osmosis, or ultraviolet light (UV) treatment. It's also important to know the difference between filtered and purified water.
The water's original source might consist of artesian, ground, spring, or well. Did you know that terms such as 'glacier water' or 'mountain water' are just "marketing-speak? These 'water locations' are not officially regulated sources, and the water may not be sourced from them at all.
To determine how your bottled water has been treated or where it comes from, it's best to simply turn the bottle over and read the nutrition label or contact the bottler directly to ask specific questions.
Why do people like bottled water better?
For most people, the reason they like bottled water better than tap water is because of its taste. Municipalities that treat the water from our faucets traditionally use chlorine to disinfect the water. Conversely, bottlers frequently use ozone because it does not leave an after-taste.
It's important to note that neither the EPA nor the FDA 'certify' bottled water, although any bottled water sold in the United States must meet minimum federal standards set by the FDA. Your state regulates tap water provided by your public water system under the EPA's national standards.
What's in my bottled water?
Most people have two main concerns about what is in their bottled water:
- What contaminants are in the water?
- What minerals are in the water?
Your best way to get these answers is to contact the bottler and ask for the latest testing results.
Mineral Water
Water marketed as 'mineral water' must contain at least 250 parts per million of total dissolved solids originating from a geologically and physically protected underground water source. This means the minerals cannot be added to the water during manufacturing; they must occur naturally. Common minerals found in mineral water include magnesium, calcium, sodium, and zinc.
Non-Mineral Water
Standard tap water and most bottled waters not explicitly labeled 'mineral water' also include many of these same minerals; however, they may not occur in equally high numbers or quantities, and they are added through a manufacturing process rather than occurring naturally.
Hard Water
For those living in areas with hard water, we know that our water contains too many minerals, particularly calcium and magnesium. While our water is still safe to drink, it's tough on our pipes and appliances.
The bottom line is that most health experts believe that there is no substantial benefit to drinking bottled water over tap water for most of us, other than a personal preference for taste. If you think your hard water is affecting more than just the taste of your water, reach out to your local water pros at Advantage.
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