Why is Self-propelled Invert Trestle Better?

Detailed Description In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the invention, are within the scope of the invention. Referring to fig. 1, the application provides an inverted arch trestle, which comprises a trestle body 1, a plurality of supporting wheels 3 and a plurality of reverse hanging wheels 4, wherein in the length direction of a tunnel, two ends of the bottom of the trestle are respectively provided with a front supporting leg 501 and a rear supporting leg 502, the front supporting leg 501 is supported on an excavated surface, the rear supporting leg 502 is supported on an unearthed surface or a cast inverted arch surface, a template traction device 2 with liftable supporting legs 6 is arranged below the trestle body 1, and a connecting part 7 used for being connected with an end template is arranged on the template traction device 2; supporting wheel 3 rolls and supports between landing stage body 1 and template draw gear 2, and template draw gear 2 hangs below landing stage body 2 through reverse change gear 4 to make template draw gear 2 can remove in the below of landing stage body 1. Referring to fig. 8, before erecting the inverted arch trestle, the ground along the advancing direction of the tunnel needs to be excavated, a section of pouring area for the inverted arch to pour and a newly excavated surface for the front leg 501 to support are excavated, after the pouring area is excavated, the trestle body 1 can enter the field, the trestle body 1 comprises a middle section located at the middle part and a front approach bridge 103 and a rear approach bridge 104 located at two ends of the middle section, the front approach bridge 103 and the rear approach bridge 104 can swing relative to the middle section, when materials need to pass through the trestle, the front approach bridge 103 and the rear approach bridge 104 swing to a lowering state for pedestrians and vehicles to pass through, and when the trestle needs to move or needs to avoid other construction processes, the front approach bridge 103 and the rear approach bridge 104 can correspondingly lift up to realize the avoiding function. After the trestle is installed, the front supporting legs 501 are supported on a newly excavated surface, the rear supporting legs 502 are supported on a road surface, so that the trestle body 1 is parallel to the ground, the template traction device 2 is connected with the end plates of the end molds 9, at the moment, the end molds 9 can be poured, it is noted that primary supporting of an inverted arch needs to be completed before the end molds 9 are poured, namely, after excavation, primary supporting needs to be performed firstly, after the strength of the primary supporting is stable, the end molds 9 are arranged and the inverted arch is poured, after pouring is completed and the strength of the inverted arch is completed, the next construction step needs to be performed, and the primary supporting needs to be performed firstly before the inverted arch is poured. Referring to fig. 9, firstly, the next pouring area and the newly excavated surface are excavated continuously along the length direction of the tunnel so as to provide an operation space for the subsequent inverted arch pouring and to continuously support the front leg 501, after the excavation is completed, the template traction device 2 is gradually lifted to drive the trestle body 1 to be lifted, and before the trestle body 1 is lifted, the constraint between the front leg 501 and the rear leg 502 and the ground should be removed, so that the front leg 501 and the rear leg 502 are lifted and separated from the ground, and at this time, the trestle body 1 loses the support of the ground and is supported by the template traction device 2, so that the trestle body 1 can move relative to the template traction device 2, and optionally, the front leg 501 and the rear leg 502 also have a lifting function and can be a hydraulic cylinder, on one hand, the leveling of the trestle body 1 can be realized by adjusting the heights of the front leg 501 and the rear leg 502, on the other hand, the support between the trestle body 1 and the ground can be released by retracting the front support leg 501 and the rear support leg 502, and the trestle body 1 is converted into a support by the template traction device 2, and the resistance of the relative movement can be effectively reduced under the action of the support wheel 3, it should be noted that the support wheel 3 realizes the connection between the trestle body 1 and the template traction device 2 due to the lifting of the template traction device 2, therefore, the support wheel 3 can not support the trestle body 1 under the state that the template traction device 2 is not lifted, the support wheel 3 can be arranged in the following way, for example, the support wheel 3 is arranged at the bottom end of the trestle body 1, when the template traction device 2 is lifted, the trestle body 1 can directly walk on the template traction device 2 through the support wheel 3, the support wheel 3 can also be positioned at the top end of the template traction device 2, when the template traction device 2 is lifted, supporting wheel 3 then can with the bottom contact of landing stage body 1 to also enable landing stage body 1 and remove on supporting wheel 3, under the effect of external force, landing stage body 1 can remove to the tunnel advancing direction for template draw gear 2, until preceding landing leg 501 is located new excavation face top, and back landing leg 502 is located the invert top of pouring the completion, then transfer of landing stage body 1 carries out, and accomplish the restraint between preceding landing leg 501, back landing leg 502 and the ground again. After landing stage body 1 transfers and accomplishes, supporting wheel 3 no longer plays the supporting role to landing stage body 1 removal, and along with the decline of template draw gear 2, under the effect of gravity, template draw gear 2 then accessible reverse hanging wheel 4 hangs in the below of landing stage body 1, reverse hanging wheel 4 is comparatively conventional setting, it at first has limit function, the form similar to the couple is connected the two and is guaranteed the two can not break away from in vertical direction, secondly through the rotation function of its upper wheel body, but can make the relative movement between the both sides of being connected. The reverse hanging wheel 4 may be disposed in such a manner that, for example, a supporting portion of the reverse hanging wheel 4 is connected to the lower end of the trestle body 1, and a wheel body portion of the reverse hanging wheel 4 hooks the template traction device 2, so that the template traction device 2 can move on the wheel body of the reverse hanging wheel 4, or a supporting portion of the reverse hanging wheel 4 is connected to the top end of the template traction device 2, and the wheel body of the reverse hanging wheel 4 is hung on the trestle body 1, so that the template traction device 2 is hung on the lower end of the trestle body 1 through the reverse hanging wheel 4 and moves relative to the trestle body 1. At this time, the formwork traction device 2 may be connected to the end plate of the end mold 9, and then a force in the tunnel advancing direction is applied to the formwork traction device 2, under the external force, the formwork traction device 2 drags the end mold 9 to move until the end mold 9 is dragged to the place of the inverted arch to be poured, and then the inverted arch to be poured is poured, it should be noted that, in order to ensure the continuity of the inverted arch pouring, the formwork traction device 2 does not need to completely pull the end mold 9 out of the poured inverted arch when moving the end mold 9, and the side plate of the end mold 9 should overlap with the poured inverted arch by a distance. When the inverted arch to be poured is poured and the strength reaches a specified value, the trestle body 1 needs to be moved again and the subsequent processes are performed, which is not described herein again. Referring to fig. 4, through template draw gear 2 with 1 jack-up of landing stage body, utilize supporting wheel 3 to assist landing stage body 1 to remove, can remove landing stage body 1 under the condition that need not dismantle landing stage body 1 like this, make landing stage body 1 accomplish the walking function, and should remove and use template draw gear 2 to remove as the holding surface, the removal process is relatively steady, therefore this scheme need not to dismantle the reassembling to the landing stage, also need not to remove through other walking mechanism assist landing stage body 1, at first can save the landing stage body 1 and repeatedly install the loaded down with trivial details on the process of dismantling and bringing like this, also can reduce the auxiliary mechanism when ground directly walks simultaneously, the defect that the structure is not stable enough. The template traction device 2 can play a role of providing a supporting surface for walking of the trestle body 1, meanwhile, the template traction device 2 is connected with the trestle body 1 through the reverse hanging wheel 4, the moving function of the template traction device 2 is achieved, the end mold 9 can be effectively dragged out of the inverted arch which is poured, accordingly, continuous installation and disassembly of traction equipment are reduced, the construction efficiency is effectively improved, and the construction period is shortened. This scheme passes through trestle body 1 and template draw gear 2 mutually support, the effectual relative movement who realizes the two, and can carry out effectual traction to end mould 9, at trestle body 1's removal in-process, trestle body 1 uses template draw gear 2 as the support, at template draw gear 2's removal in-process, then use trestle body 1 as the support, function interconversion between the two, and at trestle body 1's removal in-process, because of reverse hanging wheel 4 has certain limiting displacement, consequently also can guarantee the stability that trestle body 1 removed. The automatic transmission mechanism further comprises a first driving part and/or a second driving part, wherein the first driving part is arranged on the supporting wheel 3, and the second driving part is arranged on the reverse hanging wheel 4. Set up the drive division then can effectual drive landing stage body 1 and template draw gear 2 remove, through set up first drive division on supporting wheel 3 and/or set up the second drive division on reverse hanging wheel 4, can satisfy the independent walking of supporting wheel 3 and/or reverse hanging wheel 4 to be convenient for landing stage body 1 and template draw gear 2's removal. Under the condition that only be equipped with first drive division or second drive division, the supporting wheel 3 that does not drive by first drive division or second drive division promptly and the reverse hanging wheel can adopt other drive structure to drive, like telescopic link, hydraulic stem etc. when landing stage body 1 rises, use template draw gear 2 as the support, utilize telescopic machanism's flexible function then to drive landing stage body 1 and remove, when needs pull end mould 9, use landing stage body 1 as the support, utilize telescopic machanism's flexible function then to drive template draw gear 2 and remove. Referring to fig. 12, the first driving portion includes a motor and a transmission belt, an annular groove for matching with the transmission belt is formed in the tread of the supporting wheel in the circumferential direction, and the motor drives the supporting wheel to rotate through the transmission belt. Above-mentioned setting is then disclosed supporting wheel 3 structure, and the drive belt setting both can drive supporting wheel 3 rotatory like this in the annular groove 301 on supporting wheel 3 wheel body surface, can not produce the hindrance to the rotation of supporting wheel 3 again, and through the drive belt transmission, overall structure is comparatively simple and easy, and the motion is comparatively stable, and the motor can set up the lower extreme the place ahead department at landing stage body 1. The template traction device further comprises a limiting part, and the limiting part is used for limiting the relative movement of the template traction device 2 and the trestle body 1. In the process of pouring of invert, the end plate position of end mould 9 can bear great lateral pressure who comes from concreting, it moves to the tunnel direction of advance to lead to the end plate to drive end mould 9, can influence the invert to a certain extent and pour fashioned quality, generally set up near the end plate stock among the prior art and strut and prevent the end plate displacement, and then can set up spacing portion in this scheme, through spacing portion restriction template draw gear 2's removal, and then carry on spacingly to the removal of end plate, there can be reduction construction process, reduce the time that the stock installation was demolishd and is spent promptly, convenient operation is swift simultaneously. The limiting part can be a limiting block and is arranged on a traveling track of the reverse hanging wheel 4, so that the reverse hanging wheel 4 is prevented from continuously traveling, the limiting block can also be arranged on the reverse hanging wheel 4, the reverse hanging wheel 4 and the traveling track of the reverse hanging wheel 4 are extruded through the locking bolt, so that the friction force is increased, the limiting effect is realized, the above means are conventional limiting means, and the limiting means can be easily realized by people in the field. Supporting wheel 3 sets up at template draw gear 2's top, and reverse hanging wheel 4 is connected and sets up in template draw gear 2's top with template draw gear 2, and the bottom of landing stage body 1 is equipped with the track that is used for reverse hanging wheel 4 to hang and remove. The arrangement is optimized for the connection of the supporting wheels 3 and the reverse hanging wheels 4, and through the arrangement, the supporting wheels 3 and the reverse hanging wheels 4 are both connected with the template traction device 2, so that the arrangement of structures on the trestle body 1 can be reduced, the working procedure of installing the supporting wheels 3 and the reverse hanging wheels 4 on the trestle body 1 is reduced because the trestle body 1 moves mainly by the template traction device 2, namely the template traction device 2 is a structure additionally arranged outside the trestle body 1, the supporting wheels 3 and the reverse hanging wheels 4 are arranged on the template traction device 2 to facilitate the production and the forming of equipment, the arrangement number of the supporting wheels 3 can be reduced by arranging the supporting wheels 3 on the template traction device 2, and because the length of the trestle body 1 is larger than that of the template traction device 2, in order to ensure the smooth movement of the trestle body 1, if the supporting wheels 3 are connected at the lower end of the trestle body 1, then need distribute more supporting wheel 3 at 1 lower extreme of landing stage body and can realize, otherwise then the landing stage body 1 displacement less or the unstable condition of removal can appear, and such problem can then not appear in the top of supporting wheel 3 connection at template draw gear 2, supporting wheel 3 only need set up at the both ends of template draw gear 2 can. Then also be based on the same reason to reverse change gear 4, the bottom of landing stage body 1 only need set up the track can, this track can be the I-steel, and convenient and installation and the degree of difficulty of drawing materials are all simple and easy relatively. Referring to fig. 6, in the length direction of the tunnel, a plurality of support wheels 3 are arranged at intervals along the center line of the formwork traction device 2, and a plurality of reverse hanging wheels 4 are arranged at intervals along both sides of the center line of the formwork traction device 2. The above arrangement optimizes the positions of the supporting wheel 3 and the reverse hanging wheel 4, namely the template supporting part can also be in a three-shape, the supporting wheel 3 and the reverse hanging wheel 4 are also arranged in a three-shape relatively, namely, the template supporting part comprises three main frameworks 202 which are parallel to each other, wherein the main framework 202 positioned in the middle is used for arranging the supporting wheel 3, the main frameworks 202 on two sides are used for arranging the reverse hanging wheel 4, and the main frameworks 202 can be connected through the auxiliary framework 203, so that the overall stability of the template traction device 2 is ensured, the arrangement distribution is reasonable, the relative movement between the trestle body 1 and the template traction device 2 is stable, the structure has less materials, and the weight and the volume of the template traction device 2 can be effectively reduced. Referring to fig. 5, the rail is an i-shaped rail connected to the bottom end of the trestle body and disposed along the length direction of the tunnel. The I-shaped track comprises a base block 101 which is connected with the bottom end of the trestle body 1 and arranged along the length direction of the tunnel, grooves 102 are formed in two side walls of the base block 101 along the length direction of the tunnel, each reverse hanging wheel 4 comprises wheel bodies which are arranged on inner bottom walls of the two grooves 102 respectively, and the corresponding wheel bodies are connected with the template traction device 2 through connecting pieces 401. Above-mentioned setting is then disclosed 4 structures of reverse hanging wheel, through the aforesaid setting, can realize the auto-lock between every reverse hanging wheel 4 and the track, avoids reverse hanging wheel 4 to appear vertically promptly and along the ascending removal of landing stage body 1 width direction, and then makes the connection between template draw gear 2 and the landing stage body 1 more stable. Referring to fig. 3 and 7, in the length direction of the tunnel, two ends of the formwork traction device 2 are respectively provided with an extension section 201, two extension sections 201 are respectively provided with a lifting support leg 6, the formwork traction device 2 is lifted through the lifting support leg 6, and the bottom surface of the extension section 201 is higher than the bottom surface of the formwork traction device 2. Set up extension section 201 and then can increase template draw gear 2's length, this extension section 201 can set up on the extension line of above-mentioned main skeleton 202, has increased its support arm of force promptly for support to landing stage body 1 is more stable, and the bottom surface of extension section 201 is higher than the bottom surface of template draw gear 2 and can effectively reduce the interval between template draw gear 2 and the end mould 9, thereby makes template draw gear 2's traction effect better. Owing to set up extension 201, consequently, elevating system 6 that is close to back landing leg 502 supports on the face of rising of not digging or having built the completion is arched, in order to guarantee the stability that landing stage body 1 removed, avoid appearing the condition of landing stage body 1 slope, elevating system 6's bottom can weld the ground part of grabbing of expansion and ground area of contact, perhaps sets up pre-buried part on ground, the bottom and the pre-buried part of elevating system 6 are connected through the bolt, thereby reinforcing elevating system's stability. It should be noted that, in this application, the main frame 202 and the sub-frame 203 of the formwork towing device 2 may both be made of i-steel, which is one of the common materials in the construction field, and therefore the extension section 201 may be the i-steel extended from the original main frame 202, and because the i-steel has an upper supporting surface and a lower supporting surface, the supporting point at the top end of the lifting mechanism 6 may be at the bottom end of the upper supporting surface of the i-steel, thereby achieving the above-mentioned effects. The lifting mechanism 6 may comprise a telescopic rod and a pump body for providing power to the telescopic rod, and the pump body may be mounted on the main frame 202 corresponding to the telescopic rod. The connecting portions 7 are provided at positions on the formwork traction device 2 corresponding to the end plates. Effective connection can then be convenient for carry out with the end plate of end mould 9 through setting up connecting portion 7, and this connecting portion 7 can be L type angle steel, this angle steel can with the end plate between through bolted connection, in order to optimize fixed effect, the front end of end plate also can correspond and set up L type angle steel, accessible bolted connection between the angle steel. And the setting accords with can cooperate with extension section 201, and connecting portion 7 can be located between corresponding liftable landing leg 6 and template draw gear 2 to make the structure overall distribution more scientific. Referring to fig. 2, the front leg 501 is supported on the tunnel by a support block 8, the bottom side of the support block 8 is adapted to the shape of the tunnel, and the top side of the support block 8 is provided with a track for the front leg to traverse. Because the excavation section on tunnel ground is the arch of handstand, only rely on preceding landing leg 501 to support the effect relatively poor, can set up supporting shoe 8 for this reason, this supporting shoe 8 is unanimous with the excavation face shape in tunnel, is convenient for closely laminate with the tunnel excavation face, and then connect preceding landing leg 501 rather than can strengthen the stability that preceding landing leg 501 supported. The front leg 501 and the supporting block 8 can be connected by a conventional method, for example, a T-shaped fixture block is disposed on the top of the supporting block 8, and a T-shaped fixture groove is correspondingly disposed at the bottom of the front leg 501, the T-shaped fixture groove is a rail for the front leg to move transversely, and a curve is formed in the tunnel, so that the angle of the trestle body 1 can be adjusted adaptively during the advancing process, and the transition of the curve is smooth, in this embodiment, the T-shaped fixture block can move transversely in the T-shaped fixture groove, so that the rotation of the front end of the trestle body 1 can be realized to adapt to the curve while the supporting effect of the supporting block 8 on the front leg 501 is ensured, the stability of the whole structure is further improved, the construction difficulty of rotating the trestle body 1 during the construction process is reduced, and it is emphasized that the rotation angle of the trestle body 1 at the position of the rear leg 502 is small, therefore, the entire structure is not affected, and only the lateral movement of the front leg 501 is required. The T-shaped clamping block and the T-shaped clamping groove can be fixed and are convenient to detach through the sliding connection of the T-shaped clamping block and the T-shaped clamping groove, the use method of the device provided in the application comprises the following steps: please refer to fig. 8-11. Firstly, excavating along the advancing direction of a tunnel and completing primary support of an inverted arch to be poured, mounting a trestle body 1 above the inverted arch to be poured, respectively supporting support legs at two ends of the trestle body 1 on the ground at two sides of the inverted arch to be poured, constraining the support legs and the ground, adjusting the height of the support legs to adjust the levelness of the trestle body 1, suspending a liftable template traction part 2 below the trestle through an inverted hanging wheel 4, and arranging an end mould 9 which can be connected with the template traction part 2 on the primary support of the inverted arch to be poured; the landing legs of the trestle body 1 comprise a front landing leg 501 and a rear landing leg 502 which are respectively arranged at two ends of the trestle body 1, the front landing leg 501 is supported on an excavated surface on one side of an inverted arch to be poured, and the rear landing leg 502 is supported on an unearthed surface on the other side of the inverted arch to be poured or a poured inverted arch surface. Through setting up preceding landing leg 501 and back landing leg 502, can effectively reduce the length of landing stage body 1, the landing leg 501 can support on the face of digging before promptly, if the length of preceding landing leg 501 is unanimous with back landing leg 502, then preceding landing leg 501 can only support in one side of the face of digging, and in order to guarantee the stability that preceding landing leg 501 supported, the position of preceding landing leg 501 still need move to the tunnel advancing direction, otherwise can produce the condition that the face of not digging that is close to the face of digging sinks. Locking the template traction device 2 and the trestle body 1 through the limiting part, grouting into the end mold 9 after locking, maintaining concrete to designed strength, and completing primary support of the next inverted arch to be poured; step three, locking between the template traction device 2 and the trestle body 1 by the limiting part is released, constraint between the support legs and the ground is released, the trestle body 1 is jacked up through the template traction device 2, the support legs of the trestle body 1 are separated from the ground, the trestle body 1 is moved above the template traction device 2 along the advancing direction of the tunnel through the driving part and the support wheels 3 arranged between the trestle body 1 and the template traction device 2, the trestle body 1 is lowered through the template traction device 2 after the trestle body 1 is moved to the specified position, the support legs at two ends of the trestle body 1 are respectively supported on the ground at two sides of the inverted arch to be poured in the step two, constraint is carried out between the support legs and the ground, and the height of the support legs is adjusted to adjust the levelness of the trestle body 1; in the above-mentioned step, the front and back access bridge generally all articulates on the middle section, can swing for the middle section, and this swing accessible telescopic machanism or hoist engine realize, and the front and back access bridge at 1 both ends of landing stage body all rises and breaks away from ground, and when the landing leg at 1 both ends of landing stage body supported on subaerial, the front and back access bridge at 1 both ends of landing stage body all descends and contacts ground, can effectively avoid at the removal in-process of landing stage body 1, and the front and back access bridge is scraped with ground and is bumped. When the trestle body 1 moves above the template traction device 2, the front and rear approach bridges at the two ends of the trestle body 1 change the force arms of the two ends of the trestle body 1 relative to the template traction device 2 by adjusting the swing amplitude. Because the length of the middle section of the trestle body 1 is certain, when the trestle body moves on the template traction device 2, the gravity center of the trestle body 1 can be shifted, so that the gravity center of the trestle body 1 can be adjusted by changing the swing amplitude of the front and rear approach bridges, for example, when the rear approach bridge 104 rises and the front approach bridge 103 is relatively parallel, the gravity center of the trestle body 1 is deviated to the front end of the trestle body, and therefore when the trestle body 1 moves, the swing amplitude of the front and rear approach bridges can be automatically adjusted by constructors according to the moving process. And step four, the template traction device 2 is moved along the advancing direction of the tunnel through the driving part, and the end mould 9 is drawn to the primary support of the inverted arch to be poured in the step three. And step five, when the next section of inverted arch is formed, repeating the step two, the step three and the step four until all the inverted arches are poured, and dismantling the equipment. Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

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